Chapter 13: Photosynthesis

Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Q1. What are the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Solution

Light reactions occur in thylakoid membranes. They include photolysis of water, electron transport chain, and ATP/NADPH formation through photosystems I and II.

Q2. What is the Calvin cycle?
Solution
Calvin cycle (dark reactions) occurs in stroma. CO₂ is fixed by RuBisCO into 3-PGA, then reduced to G3P using ATP and NADPH, ultimately forming glucose.
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